How to control the rising temperature of the earth

For countries like India, the greenhouse effect is also a matter of more concern because due to this, not only the population of the cities situated along the sea will be affected, but also the adverse effect on agriculture.
 In the Paris Agreement, countries around the world had expressed their commitment to establish controls on carbon emissions in such a way that gradually reducing carbon emissions to zero and the rising temperature of the earth could be controlled.  But the discrepancy was that countries which on the basis of their resources could be an example for other countries in this direction, many of them were also indifferent to their responsibilities.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Environmental Affairs (IPCC) has once again expressed concern that responsible countries, despite warnings from nature, are not taking meaningful steps to control emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide.  Huh.  After reading this report on the deteriorating environment due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres even said that ‘this situation is very shameful.  We make empty promises to save the environment, but do not take any concrete steps, due to which we are increasing the bore of a world that will not be fit to live.’ This statement of Guterres suggests that due to greenhouse gases  Emissions have made the situation so dire.
 After all, what are greenhouse gases and why are their emissions polluting the environment so much?  Actually, there are some gases in the atmosphere that prevent the heat of the earth from going out.  This increases the temperature of the earth.  This condition is called the greenhouse effect.  The term was first used by the Western scholar J. Fourier.  On the one hand, due to the depletion of the ozone layer, the heat coming from the sun is reaching the earth in a relatively more free way and on the other hand greenhouse gases increase the temperature of the whole surroundings by preventing that heat from leaving the earth’s atmosphere.  The enormous increase in this effect in the past few years has stunned the vulnerable people of the world and the need is felt very strongly that efforts should be made to curb the emission of greenhouse gases on a global scale.
 It is worth mentioning here that our changed lifestyle has contributed a lot to the emission of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorine and chloro-fluorocarbons.  Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide in the environment have been released many times higher than normal due to the use of smoke from vehicles to refrigerators and air conditioning plants.  On the other hand, those forests have been wiped out rapidly, in which trees used to absorb carbon dioxide in large quantities and provide oxygen to the animal world.  This is the reason why the latest IPCC report emphasizes the need for lifestyle changes.
It has been clearly said in the report that if the human society is still not managed, then many diseases will spread in the world, natural disasters will be more dire and there will be an unexpected rise in the water level of the seas.  Significantly, in the last few years, incidents like floods in rivers, cloudbursts and sudden melting of glaciers have created havoc in India.  The increase in the frequency of ocean storms around the world in the past years is also being linked to the greenhouse effect.
For countries like India, the greenhouse effect is also a matter of more concern because due to this, not only the population of the cities situated along the sea will be affected, but agriculture will also be adversely affected.  According to the IPCC report, about 35 million people of India will have to face coastal floods every year due to rise in temperature.
The increase in normal temperature due to greenhouse effect has been named ‘Wet Bulb Temperature’.  It has been said in the report that due to this, not only the metropolitan cities of India, cities like Bhubaneswar, Lucknow, Indore, Ahmedabad will also be affected.  Rising temperatures will damage crops around the world, but agricultural systems like India are expected to suffer the most.  It is estimated that by 2050, the greenhouse effect will reduce the production of rice, wheat, pulses and coarse cereals by up to nine percent.
Apart from this, the decreasing area of agriculture, construction on agricultural land and increase in population will make this shortage more serious.  The discrepancy is that India, which has a tradition of eulogizing nature from the very beginning, is not behind other countries in the world in emitting greenhouse gases.  In the year 2020, China emitted more than one lakh fifteen thousand lakh metric tons of carbon dioxide.  It was the highest in the world.  America was second and India third.
After this, there was some reduction in the emission of gases like carbon dioxide in the world, but the reason for this was not any policy change, but due to Corona, business activities in the world were stalled for a long time.  Apart from China, the US and India, EU member states, Russia, Japan, Iran and South Korea are also emitting greenhouse effect gases uncontrollably to challenge the lives of generations.  Although everyone is talking about alternative energy, but technology-rich countries are still not able to reduce their dependence on conventional fuels.  The US alone accounts for 20 percent of the global gasoline consumption.  Even today, fifty-seven percent of electricity generation in China comes from coal.
The consumption of fossil fuels is an important factor in making the environment toxic.  But even more poisonous is selfishness, which does not allow people to think about the world.  Recently, when US President Joe Biden proposed an ambitious plan to increase greenery, two senators from his own party strongly opposed the plan.  The reason being that this plan would have some adverse effect on the interests of the fossil fuel industry, these senators have deep ties with the people associated with that industries.
Environmental lovers believe that the 2015 Paris Agreement can play an important role in saving the earth from the greenhouse effect, provided all countries are determined to follow its provisions honestly.  In the Paris Agreement, countries around the world had expressed their commitment to establish controls on carbon emissions in such a way that gradually reducing carbon emissions to zero and the rising temperature of the earth could be controlled.  But the discrepancy was that countries which could have been an example for other countries in this direction on the basis of their resources, many of them were also indifferent to their responsibilities.  Of course, it can be a difficult task for poor countries to abandon conventional energy resources and establish renewable energy resources because they have their own economic limits.
That is why about a decade ago rich countries promised that they would give a hundred billion dollars every year to deal with the effects of climate change.  But the developed countries neither kept that promise during this period nor felt it necessary to reiterate that commitment at the summit held in Glasgow sometime back on the subject.  What’s more, many countries have not yet declared when they will try to achieve zero carbon emissions.