The Need for a Legitimate Census, NRC Upgradation, and the Removal of Illegal Migrants Before Delimitation in Manipur

The demand for a legitimate census, an updated National Register of Citizens (NRC), and the expulsion of illegal migrants before conducting the delimitation of assembly constituencies in Manipur has become a pressing issue. The call stems from deep-seated concerns regarding demographic changes, political representation, and the preservation of indigenous rights. Many political observers and civil society organizations argue that without a proper census and NRC update, any delimitation process would be flawed and could lead to an imbalance in political representation, favoring communities that may not be legally entitled to such influence.
The last proper census in Manipur was conducted in 2011, and since then, allegations of large-scale illegal immigration have been raised. Reports suggest an unprecedented rise in population in specific districts, notably Kangpokpi, Tengnoupal, Chandel, Churachandpur, and Pherzawl. Data from 1969 to 2024 indicates a sharp increase in the number of villages, which raises questions about the legitimacy of population growth in these areas. While natural population expansion is expected, the abnormal spike in numbers suggests external influences, primarily illegal migration. Such an increase, if left unchecked, could significantly alter the demographic composition of the state, impacting the socio-political landscape and potentially marginalizing the indigenous Meitei and Naga populations.
Manipuri people have expressed apprehension that without proper scrutiny, the delimitation process may benefit certain groups disproportionately, particularly those suspected of having a high influx of illegal migrants. Political analysts warn that manipulating electoral constituencies without accurate population data could lead to an unfair advantage for communities that have expanded their numbers through unauthorized means. This could undermine democratic principles, as representation would no longer reflect the genuine demographic reality of the state.
The NRC, which aims to identify genuine citizens and exclude illegal migrants, has been a long-standing demand in Manipur. The absence of a comprehensive NRC has allowed unchecked migration, particularly from Myanmar, leading to socio-economic strain and conflicts over land and resources. Implementing an updated NRC before delimitation would ensure that only legitimate citizens influence the political process. A fair and transparent NRC update would provide a clear picture of Manipur’s demographic status, preventing any manipulation of electoral constituencies in favor of illegal settlers.
Concerns over illegal migration also extend to security implications. The Indo-Myanmar border remains porous, and weak border control has facilitated the influx of migrants who may not align with the socio-cultural fabric of Manipur. Civil society organizations argue that such unchecked migration has led to an increase in drug trafficking, arms smuggling, and other illicit activities. In this context, conducting delimitation without addressing illegal migration would be tantamount to legitimizing the presence of unauthorized individuals in the electoral roll, thereby distorting democratic processes.
Many indigenous organizations and political groups have called upon the state and central governments to prioritize a legitimate census and an updated NRC before proceeding with delimitation. They argue that delaying the NRC update and census would only exacerbate tensions and lead to unfair political representation. The demand is not just about protecting indigenous rights but about ensuring that democracy functions on the basis of accurate and legitimate demographic data.
The government must take these concerns seriously and implement measures to verify the authenticity of the population before moving forward with delimitation. A transparent and scientific approach to census-taking, coupled with stringent NRC implementation, is necessary to address the anxieties of the people of Manipur. Failure to do so could lead to political unrest and long-term instability in the region. The question remains whether the authorities will heed these concerns and act decisively to ensure that the political landscape of Manipur remains fair, just, and reflective of its true citizens.