By Aribam Bishwajit
Imphal, Nov 18:
For the past six months, Manipur has been marred by persistent violence, leaving its residents grappling with an unsettling reality. The intricate nature of the situation has not only confounded the populace but has also eluded concrete solutions from the government. Amidst the facade of seemingly ordinary lives, there exists an underlying enigma, making it challenging to comprehend the thoughts and behaviors of the people.
The state has witnessed a harrowing series of events, including bloodshed, killings, arson, and assaults, shaping Manipur’s narrative most profoundly over the past half-year. Recognizing the potential toll this prolonged unrest can take on the mental health of the population, Imphal Times sought insights from Dr. Athokpam Ranita, the State Nodal Officer of the National Mental Health Programme under the National Health Mission in Manipur.
In an exclusive interview, Dr. Ranita sheds light on the current mental health landscape in Manipur, providing valuable perspectives on the challenges faced by the population. The interview explores not only the psychological impact of the ongoing turmoil but also delves into practical strategies for individuals to support each other during these trying times. As the community grapples with the repercussions of the unrest, understanding the intricacies of mental health becomes paramount, and Dr. Ranita’s expertise offers a guiding voice in navigating this complex terrain.
Edited Excerpts From The Interview
Q. How does the persistent six-month-long violence and unrest in Manipur affect the mental well-being of its residents? Are certain demographic groups more susceptible to the potential impact on their mental health amid the ongoing crisis?
A. The turmoil in Manipur has cast a pervasive impact on individuals of all ages and professions, unsettling their mental well-being. The prevailing violence has plunged the populace into a state of uncertainty about their future, fostering a pervasive sense of restlessness among them.
The susceptibility to the impact is widespread, but adolescents appear to be more vulnerable due to their ongoing brain development. Experiencing violence during this crucial developmental stage may imprint lasting memories of fear and panic, potentially triggering heightened reactions to similar incidents in the future. While this phenomenon is not exclusive to young people, adults, having faced comparable situations before, often possess coping mechanisms rooted in experience. However, individuals grappling with pre-existing mental health issues, vulnerability, and disabilities are likely to be disproportionately affected by the current crisis.
Q. What roles can the community undertake to provide support for those who may be or have been affected by the mental health repercussions of the violence?
A: In the face of any challenge, whether it’s the current issue at hand or any other future adversity—be it conflicts between communities, the aftermath of a pandemic like COVID-19, natural disasters, or even the specter of war—the key lies in fostering unwavering trust and cooperation. Regardless of the form problems take, it is imperative that we stand united, extending support and assistance to one another irrespective of financial constraints. Preserving the bond of trust and love is paramount. By doing so, we create a foundation upon which we can collectively safeguard our mental well-being in times of turmoil.
Q. In light of the prevailing turmoil, a noticeable segregation between communities has emerged. Are there any obstacles or barriers encountered by the department in delivering mental health services to all communities?
A: In anticipation of the current crisis, the District Mental Health Program had already established a comprehensive team in all districts, featuring a mix of staff from various communities. However, the crisis has led to displacement, creating obstacles in service provision. Nevertheless, our commitment to delivering mental health services remains unwavering.
With over 300 trained doctors and 482 nurses strategically positioned across the state, the program operates despite challenges. Some doctors and nurses are unable to reach certain locations due to the crisis, but counterparts in different regions are stepping in to fill the gap. The program’s functionality is evident through the submission of quarterly reports to the ministry, detailing activities such as awareness programs, relief camp visits, and medication distribution.
Addressing logistical hurdles, medicines are dispatched via road or helicopter. While barriers exist, services persist in all districts, supported by WhatsApp groups that facilitate real-time updates and photo-sharing of ongoing activities. It’s crucial to acknowledge that these challenges extend beyond mental health services, yet our operational capacity remains intact, providing essential services at a functional level.
Q. Is there a notable increase in instances of aggressive behavior among the populace due to the ongoing turmoil in the state? Are there any reported cases indicating that individuals have been adversely affected by the violence, leading them to manifest their distress through acts of aggression?
A: While there’s no official report, the information gleaned from news sources and social media paints a concerning picture of escalating violence, including unprecedented acts of killing. The media coverage has showcased events that challenge our understanding of human behavior, prompting reflection on the question: are these actions within the realm of what people can do? In this context, it seems that instances of violent behavior are on the rise. The segregation between the two communities has disrupted the previous trajectory of societal development. Just a few months ago, Manipur hosted various national and international events, such as the Femina Miss India pageant and significant football tournaments. However, recent reports indicate a surge in incidents of looting and theft across both hill and valley regions. Despite the physical separation of the communities, a pervasive atmosphere of fear prevails. It appears that these unsettling circumstances are contributing to a heightened sense of uncertainty and, consequently, an increase in such behaviors.
Q. Amidst the persisting violence, is NHM Manipur implementing an awareness program to address the potential needs of the affected population?
A: Our program encompasses a comprehensive approach to mental health awareness, reaching diverse settings. In old age homes and relief camps, we are actively disseminating information about mental health. In educational institutions, a sustained effort focuses on preventing substance use and promoting mental well-being. Given the challenges faced by those in relief camps, we have conducted targeted outreach camps and awareness programs for both health and mental health.
Highlighting community engagement, we observe ‘Village Health Sanitation Day’ and mark global events such as “World Suicide Prevention Day” at the state level. In September, we organized painting and symposium competitions for school students, extending similar initiatives to the district level. Documentation of these events has been meticulously compiled and submitted to the ministry. In further observance of mental health advocacy, we orchestrated a significant event for “World Mental Health Day.” Leveraging the outreach of radio, we are actively promoting awareness, encouraging individuals to seek support when needed, and fostering a collective understanding of mental health.
Q. What avenues are available for individuals to seek help when they feel the need for assistance?
A: It’s important to note that occasional feelings of unease or sadness for a day or two don’t necessarily indicate a mental illness. However, the prolonged impact of ongoing violence may trigger persistent feelings of panic or sleeplessness, prompting concerns about our mental well-being. If individuals experience such emotions, I strongly encourage them to seek help at the nearest health centers. For those without immediate access to a health center or those who prefer remote assistance, the Tele MANAS helpline offers a convenient option. They can dial the short code – 14416 or the toll-free number 1800-891-4416 between 9:30 am to 5 pm to speak with professionals and seek guidance regarding their feelings. This helpline provides a supportive platform for individuals to consult and address their emotional well-being.
Q. What are the potential symptoms that individuals may experience, indicating the need for seeking mental health support?
A: A spectrum of mental illnesses exists, encompassing conditions such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, and drug dependence, among others. Despite not knowing the specific nomenclature of the illness, certain fundamental symptoms may signal a connection to mental health concerns. These include persistent feelings of profound sadness lasting beyond two weeks, experiencing unexplained unrest, difficulty sleeping for extended periods or conversely, excessive sleep, changes in appetite such as overeating or loss of interest in food, disengagement from previously cherished activities, withdrawal from social interactions with friends and family, reluctance to learn and understand, occasional perceptions of unusual things, baseless suspicion towards others, and, particularly in children, the manifestation of unconventional behaviors, non-compliance with advice and instructions, and increased forgetfulness. Recognizing these signs is imperative, prompting individuals to seek help promptly and initiate treatment for their mental health concerns.
Q. Is there any specific message you would like to convey to people regarding addressing the stigma around mental health?
A: The pervasive stigma surrounding mental health has persisted not only in Manipur but across the nation and the globe. However, there has been a significant reduction in stigma compared to the past. Presently, more informed parents recognize the signs of mental illness and proactively seek treatment when they observe their children losing interest in academics. It is crucial to underscore that mental illness should be viewed and treated with the same level of importance as other physical illnesses. I appeal to everyone to refrain from stigmatizing individuals grappling with mental health issues. Both mental and physical health carry equal significance, and it is essential to acknowledge and support those experiencing mental illnesses. Let us collectively work towards promoting understanding and swift treatment for individuals dealing with mental health challenges, fostering an environment free from judgment or stigma.
